The 411: Cooling Systems
Summer is officially here, and staying cool while keeping energy bills in check is top of mind for many homeowners. Whether you’re in an older home without central air or just looking to upgrade, here’s a quick breakdown of the most common home cooling systems.
Central Air Conditioning (Traditional AC)
How It Works:
Uses a compressor, condenser coil (outside), and evaporator coil (inside).
Air handler blows cooled air through ductwork to all rooms.
Only provides cooling; heating requires a separate furnace.
Details:
Energy Efficiency:
SEER rating typically 13–18 (higher = more efficient).
Energy use depends on duct condition (leaky ducts waste 20–30%).
Installation Cost:
$5,000–$12,000 (depends on ducts, home size).
Lifespan: 15–20 years with regular maintenance.
Pros:
Even cooling across large homes.
Works well if ducts are already in place.
Cons:
Duct leaks = energy loss.
Higher energy bills vs. heat pumps in mild climates.
Cooling only; needs furnace for heat.
Best For:
Homes in hot climates or with existing ductwork.
Heat Pump Systems
How It Works:
Same components as AC but reversible:
Summer: Moves heat outside (like AC).
Winter: Pulls heat from outside air to warm indoors.
Available in ducted (whole-home) or ductless mini-split versions.
Details:
Energy Efficiency:
SEER 16–20 for cooling, HSPF 8–10 for heating.
Up to 3–4x more efficient than electric furnaces.
Installation Cost:
$8,000–$15,000 (ducted whole-home).
Lifespan: 15–20 years.
Pros:
Heating + Cooling in one system.
Great for mild climates (like Portland).
Eligible for rebates and tax credits.
Cons:
Efficiency drops in extreme cold (<25°F) unless paired with backup heat.
Higher upfront cost.
Best For:
Homeowners wanting one system for year-round comfort and lower energy bills.
Ductless Mini-Splits
How It Works:
Outdoor unit connects to indoor air handlers (1 per zone) via refrigerant lines.
No ductwork; each indoor unit cools (or heats) its own space.
Most modern mini-splits are heat pump systems (cool + heat).
Details:
Energy Efficiency:
SEER ratings often 18–30 (very high efficiency).
Installation Cost:
$3,000–$6,000 per zone (living room, bedroom, etc.).
Lifespan: 12–15 years.
Pros:
Zoned control (only cool rooms you use).
Avoids duct losses (10–30% energy savings).
Quiet operation.
Cons:
Visible indoor units (aesthetic concern).
Multiple units needed for whole-home coverage (cost adds up).
Best For:
Homes without ducts, retrofits, or room additions.
So, What’s Right for You?
Just want cooling? A traditional central AC may work great—especially if you already have ductwork.
Want year-round efficiency? A heat pump can handle both heating and cooling, with potential energy savings.
Want flexibility or no ducts? Mini-splits are a sleek, modern option with high efficiency and room-by-room control.
Every home is different—and I’m happy to connect you with trusted local HVAC pros or talk through what buyers are looking for when it comes to energy-efficient features.
Stay cool out there!
